11th & 12th CS 2014(Outside Delhi) COMMON ASSIGNMENT

1(a)	What is the difference between call by value and call reference with respect to memory allocation? Give a suitable example to illustrate using C++ code.	2
Ans	Call by value: The formal parameter and the actual parameter to occupy separate memory locations and hence the changes in formal parameter does not affect the value of actual parameters. Call by reference: The formal parameter and the actual parameter occupy same memory locations and hence the changes in formal parameter get reflected in the value of actual parameters. void Calculate(int A, int & B)//A is call by value {                                                 //B is call by reference    A++;    B+=A; } OR void Calculate(int A, int &B); // A is call by value, // B is call by reference.
(b)	Observe the following C++ code and write the name(s) of the header files(s), which will be essentially required to run it in a C++ compiler: void main() {   char CH, STR[20];   cin>>STR;   CH=toupper(STR[0]);   cout<<STR<<” starts with”<<CH<<endl; }	1
Ans	iostream.h  OR  iomanip.h ctype.h
(c)	Rewrite the following C++ code after removing all the syntax error(s), if present in the code. Make sure that you underline each correction done by you in the code. Important Note:        Assuming that all the required header files are already included which are         essential to run this code.        The corrections made by you do not change the logic of the program.  typedef char[80]  STR; void main() {    Txt STR;    gets(Txt);    cout<<Txt[0]<<’\t’<<Txt[2];    cout<<Txt<<endline; }	2
Ans	typedef char STR[80];  //Error 1 void main() {     STR Txt;  //Error 2   gets(Txt);   cout<<Txt[0]<<’\t’<<Txt[2];  //OR  “\t”   Error 3   cout<<Txt<<endl;  //  Error 4 }
(f)	Read the following C++ code carefully and find out, which out of the given options (i)  to  (iv)  are the expected correct output(s) of it.  Also, write the maximum and minimum value that can be assigned to the variable Taker used in the code: void main() {    Int GuessMe[4]={100,50,200,20};    Int Taker=random(2)+2;    for(int chance=0; chance<Taker; chance++) cout<<GuessMe[chance]<<”#”; }   (i)                  100#   (ii)                 50#200#   (iii)                100#50#200#   (iv)                100#50	2
Ans	(iii)  100#50#200# Min value of Taker=2 Max value of Taker=3